IELTS Academic Vocabulary
High-frequency words from the Academic Word List (AWL). Build the academic vocabulary that lifts your IELTS Writing and Reading scores.
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abandon
abandon
abstract
abstract
academy
academy
accentuate
accentuate
access
access
acclaim
acclaim
accommodate
accommodate
accompany
accompany
acculturate
acculturate
accumulate
accumulate
accurate
accurate
acidify
acidify
acknowledgment
acknowledgment
activism
activism
actuality
actuality
acumen
acumen
adapt
adapt
adaptation
adaptation
adept
adept
adequate
adequate
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adhere
adhere
adjacent
adjacent
adjudicate
adjudicate
adjust
adjust
administer
administer
admonish
admonish
adoption
adoption
adverse
adverse
aerobic
aerobic
aesthetics
aesthetics
affect
affect
affinity
affinity
affluent
affluent
affordability
affordability
agglomerate
agglomerate
aggregate
aggregate
aggression
aggression
agility
agility
agonize
agonize
airborne
airborne
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alienation
alienation
alignment
alignment
allegation
allegation
allegorical
allegorical
alleviation
alleviation
allocation
allocation
alternative
alternative
altruistic
altruistic
ambiguous
ambiguous
ambition
ambition
ambivalent
ambivalent
amelioration
amelioration
amend
amend
amplify
amplify
analogue
analogue
analogy
analogy
analyze
analyze
anchorage
anchorage
ancillary
ancillary
annotation
annotation
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annual
annual
anomalous
anomalous
antagonism
antagonism
antagonize
antagonize
anticipation
anticipation
apparent
apparent
append
append
applicability
applicability
apply
make a request; use
appraise
appraise
approach
come near; method
appropriate
appropriate
appropriation
appropriation
aquatic
aquatic
arable
arable
arbitrary
arbitrary
archaic
archaic
architect
architect
architecture
architecture
archival
archival
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aridity
aridity
articulation
articulation
ascertainable
ascertainable
aspect
aspect
aspirational
aspirational
assemble
assemble
assess
assess
assimilate
assimilate
assist
assist
assistance
assistance
assume
suppose, take for granted
atmosphere
atmosphere
attain
attain
attainment
attainment
attentiveness
attentiveness
attestation
attestation
attribute
attribute, property, belong
attribution
attribution
augmentation
augmentation
austerity
austerity
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authority
authority
auto
car
autonomy
autonomy
available
obtainable, free
aviation
aviation
avocation
hobby
awareness
awareness
behalf
behalf
behaviour
behaviour
beneficence
beneficence
beneficial
beneficial
biodiversity
biodiversity
biographical
biographical
biography
biography
biomass
biomass
biotechnology
biotechnology
blurry
blurry
bond
bond
bottleneck
bottleneck
boundary
boundary
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brief
brief
broadcast
broadcast
brokerage
brokerage
bulk
bulk
bureaucratic
bureaucratic
calamity
calamity
calibrate
calibrate
capable
capable
capacity
capacity
carbohydrate
carbohydrate
caregiver
caregiver
cartography
cartography
casualty
casualty
catalyse
catalyze
catalyst
catalyst
catastrophe
catastrophe
categorise
categorise
categorize
categorize
category
category
causation
causation
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causative
causative
cease
cease
centralize
centralize
centric
centric
ceremonial
ceremonial
certainty
certainty
cessation
cessation
challenge
test, difficulty; to test, contest
channel
channel
chapter
chapter
characterise
characterise
characterize
characterize
chart
chart
circumstance
situation, condition
cite
cite
civil
civil
clarify
clarify
clarity
clarity
classic
classic
classification
classification
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clause
clause
cliche
cliche
climatology
climatology
code
code
cognition
cognition
cognitive
cognitive
coherence
coherence
coherent
coherent
coincide
coincide
coincidental
coincidental
collaboration
collaboration
collapse
collapse
colleague
colleague
collective
collective
colonialism
colonialism
colonize
colonize
combust
combust
commemoration
commemoration
commence
commence
comment
remark; written opinion
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commit
commit
commodity
commodity
communal
communal
community
neighborhood, group
compassion
compassion
compatible
compatible
compendium
compendium
compensate
compensate
competency
competency
compilation
compilation
compile
compile
complacency
complacency
complacent
complacent
complement
complement
completion
completion
complex
complex
complexity
complexity
component
component
comportment
comportment
compound
compound
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comprehension
comprehension
compromise
mutual concession
computation
computation
compute
compute
conceivable
conceivable
conceive
conceive
concentrate
focus, pay full attention
concept
concept
conceptualise
conceptualize
conceptualize
conceptualize
conclude
conclude
conclusive
conclusive
concurrence
concurrence
concurrent
concurrent
condensation
condensation
conducive
conducive
confer
bestow
configuration
configuration
confine
confine
confirm
confirm
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conflict
conflict
conform
conform
conformity
conformity
confrontation
confrontation
congruent
congruent
conjunction
conjunction
conscience
conscience
consent
consent
consequence
consequence
consequential
consequential
conservation
conservation
considerable
considerable
considerate
considerate
consist
consist
consolidation
consolidation
consortia
consortia
conspicuously
conspicuously
constant
constant
constituent
constituent
constitute
constitute
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constrain
constrain
construct
construct
constructive
constructive
consult
consult
consume
consume
consumption
consumption
contact
contact
contagion
contagion
containment
containment
contamination
contamination
contemplate
contemplate
contemplative
contemplative
contemporary
contemporary
context
context
contingent
contingent
continuity
continuity
contraction
contraction
contractual
contractual
contradict
contradict
contrary
contrary
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contrast
contrast
contrasting
contrasting
contribute
give
controversy
controversy
convalescence
convalescence
convene
convene
conventional
conventional
convergence
convergence
converse
converse
conversion
conversion
convert
convert
convertible
convertible
convince
persuade, make believe
cooperation
cooperation
correlation
correlation
correspond
correspond
corruption
corruption
cosmology
cosmology
couple
couple
create
make; produce
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credibility
credibility
credit
credit, belief
credulous
credulous
crisis
crisis
criticality
criticality
crucial
crucial
culpability
culpability
cultivation
cultivation
cultivator
cultivator
curative
curative
curtail
curtail
customisation
customisation
customization
customization
cycle
cycle
cynical
cynical
cynicism
cynicism
data
data
debate
discussion, argument
decade
decade
decipher
decipher
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decline
decline
decode
decode
decompose
decompose
decorum
decorum
deduce
deduce
deduction
deduction
defamation
defamation
defensive
defensive
deficit
deficit
define
define
definite
definite
deflection
deflection
deforestation
deforestation
degradation
degradation
dehydration
dehydration
deliberation
deliberation
demarcation
demarcation
demonstrable
demonstrable
demystify
demystify
denomination
denomination
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denote
denote
deny
say something is not true
depletion
depletion
deposition
deposition
depress
depress
deprivation
deprivation
derelict
derelict
derive
derive
design
design
desirability
desirability
despite
in spite of
detect
detect
detection
detection
determinant
determinant
devaluation
devaluation
developmental
developmental
deviate
deviate
deviation
deviation
devote
devote
diagnosis
diagnosis
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dialectic
dialectic
diaspora
diaspora
dietary
dietary
differentiate
differentiate
diffusion
diffusion
digitisation
digitisation
digitization
digitization
dilution
dilution
diminish
diminish
diminution
diminution
discrete
discrete
discriminate
discriminate
displace
displace
distinct
distinct
distribute
distribute
domain
domain
domestic
domestic
dominate
dominate
draft
draft
drama
drama
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duration
duration
dynamic
dynamic
economy
economy
edit
edit
elaborate
elaborate
element
element
elementary
elementary
eliminate
eliminate
embed
embed
emerge
emerge
empirical
empirical
encounter
encounter
enforce
enforce
enhance
enhance
enormous
very large, huge
ensure
make certain, guarantee
entity
entity
environment
surroundings
equate
equate
equip
equip
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equivalent
equivalent
erode
erode
establish
To found
estimate
guess, approximate value
ethic
ethic
ethnic
ethnic
evaluate
evaluate
evident
evident
evolve
Develop, progress
exceed
exceed
exclude
exclude
exhibit
exhibit, exhibition
expansion
expansion
expert
expert
explicit
explicit
exploit
exploit
extract
extract, pull out
facilitate
facilitate
factor
factor
feature
feature
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federal
federal
fee
fee
file
file
finite
finite
flexible
flexible
fluctuate
fluctuate
focus
concentrate, center
formula
formula
forthcoming
forthcoming
foundation
foundation
framework
framework
function
purpose, work properly
furthermore
furthermore
gender
gender
generate
create, produce
generation
generation
globe
globe
goal
goal
grade
grade
guarantee
guarantee
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hence
hence
hierarchy
hierarchy
highlight
highlight
hypothesis
hypothesis
identify
identify
ideology
ideology
ignorance
ignorance
illustrate
illustrate
image
image
immigrate
immigrate
impact
impact
implement
implement
implicate
implicate
implicit
implicit
imply
imply
impose
impose
incentive
incentive
incidence
incidence
incline
incline, slope
incorporate
incorporate
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indicate
show, point to
individual
individual
infer
infer
initial
initial
initiate
initiate
innovate
innovate
input
input
insert
insert
inspect
inspect
instance
instance
institute
institute
insufficient
insufficient
integral
integral, essential
integrate
integrate
integrity
integrity
intelligence
intelligence
intense
intense
interact
interact
intermediate
intermediate
internal
internal
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interpret
interpret
intervene
intervene
intrinsic
intrinsic
invoke
invoke
involve
include, take part
ironic
ironic
isolate
isolate
issue
issue
item
item
journal
diary, periodical
justify
justify
label
label, tag
layer
layer
legal
legal
liberal
liberal
license
license
likewise
likewise
linguistic
linguistic
logic
logic
maintain
keep in good condition
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major
Major
mature
mature
mediate
mediate
medium
medium
mental
mental
method
method
migrate
migrate
minimum
minimum
ministry
ministry
minor
minor
modify
modify
monitor
monitor
motive
motive
mutual
mutual
negate
negate
network
network
neutral
Impartial
nevertheless
nevertheless
nonetheless
nonetheless
norm
norm
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normal
usual; ordinary
notion
notion
notwithstanding
notwithstanding
nuclear
nuclear
objective
objective, goal
obtain
obtain
obvious
clear, easy to see
occur
happen
odd
odd
offset
offset
ongoing
ongoing
option
option
orient
orient
outcome
outcome
output
output
overall
overall
overlap
overlap
overseas
overseas
panel
panel
paradigm
paradigm
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paragraph
paragraph
parallel
parallel
parameter
parameter
participate
participate
passive
passive
perceive
perceive
percent
percent
period
period
phase
phase
phenomenon
phenomenon
philosophy
philosophy
physical
physical
plus
plus
portion
portion
pose
pose
positive
Optimistic, sure
potential
potential
practitioner
practitioner
precede
precede
precise
precise
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predict
forecast, foresee
predominant
predominant
preliminary
preliminary
presume
presume
previous
previous
primary
primary
prime
prime
principle
principle
priority
importance
proceed
proceed
process
process
prohibit
prohibit
project
planned piece of work
promote
boost, raise in rank
prospect
prospect
protocol
protocol
psychology
psychology
purchase
buy; act of buying
pursue
seek
quote
quote
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radical
radical
random
random
range
range
ratio
ratio
rational
rational
react
react
recover
recover
refine
refine
regime
regime
region
region
regulate
regulate
reinforce
reinforce
reject
reject
release
let go, set free; launch
relevant
relevant
reluctant
unwilling
rely
depend on, trust
remove
remove
require
need, demand
research
investigation; study
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reside
reside
resolve
settle, decide firmly
resource
resource
respond
Reply, react
restrict
restrict
retain
retain
reveal
show, disclose
revenue
revenue
reverse
reverse
revise
revise
revolution
revolution
rigid
rigid
role
role
route
route
scenario
scenario
schedule
timetable; plan
section
section
sector
sector
secure
secure, secure
seek
seek
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select
select
sequence
sequence
sex
sex
shift
shift
significant
significant
similar
similar
sole
yoke
somewhat
somewhat
source
source
specific
particular, precise
sphere
sphere
stable
stable
stake
stake
statistic
statistic
status
status
straightforward
straightforward
structure
structure
style
style
submit
submit
subordinate
subordinate
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subsequent
subsequent
subsidy
subsidy
substitute
substitute
successor
successor
sufficient
sufficient
sum
sum
supplement
supplement
survey
survey
suspend
suspend
sustain
sustain
symbol
symbol
tape
tape
team
team
technical
technical
technique
technique
temporary
temporary
tense
tense
terminate
terminate
text
text
theme
theme
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theory
theory
topic
topic
trace
trace
tradition
tradition
transform
change
transit
transit
transmit
transmit
transport
transport
trigger
trigger
ultimate
ultimate
undergo
undergo
underlie
underlie
undertake
undertake
uniform
uniform
unify
unify
unique
one of a kind, special
utilize
utilize
valid
valid
vary
differ, change
vehicle
vehicle
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version
version
via
via
violate
violate
virtual
virtual
visible
visible
vision
vision
volume
volume
voluntary
done by free choice
welfare
welfare
whereas
whereas
whereby
whereby
widespread
widespread
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